Toast the Nuts: In a dry skillet over medium-low heat, toast the pine nuts for 2–3 minutes until fragrant and lightly golden. Stir constantly to prevent burning. Let them cool completely.
Pulse Garlic and Nuts: Place the cooled pine nuts and chopped garlic cloves into the bowl of a food processor. Pulse a few times until coarsely chopped.
Add Herbs and Cheese: Add the fresh basil leaves, grated Parmesan cheese, lemon juice, salt, and black pepper to the food processor. Pulse several times until the mixture is finely minced but not completely pureed.
Stream the Olive Oil: Turn the food processor on low speed (or use continuous pulses). Slowly drizzle the extra virgin olive oil through the feed tube until the sauce emulsifies and reaches a smooth, vibrant green consistency.
Adjust Seasoning: Taste the pesto and adjust the salt or cheese to your preference. Use immediately or store for later use.