Season the Meat: Generously coat a 3-4 lb beef chuck roast with salt and black pepper on all sides.
Sear the Beef: Heat 2 tablespoons of olive oil in a large oven-safe Dutch oven or heavy skillet over medium-high heat. Sear the roast for about 4 minutes per side until a deep, golden-brown crust forms. Remove the meat and set it aside.
Sauté the Aromatics: In the same pot, add 1 chopped large onion, 3 minced garlic cloves, and 3 chopped celery stalks. Sauté for 5 minutes until softened and fragrant. (Optional: Add 1 tablespoon of tomato paste here for extra umami).
Deglaze the Pan: Pour in 1/2 cup of red wine or beef broth, scraping up all the delicious browned bits from the bottom of the pot with a wooden spoon.
Combine and Layer: Return the seared beef to the pot on top of the vegetables. Add 4 chopped large carrots and 4 quartered medium potatoes around the meat. Pour in an additional 1.5 cups of beef broth (liquid should come halfway up the side of the roast). Drop in 1 sprig of fresh thyme and 1 sprig of fresh rosemary.
Cook Until Tender (Choose Your Preferred Method):
Oven / Dutch Oven: Cover tightly with a lid and bake in a preheated oven at 325°F (163°C) for 3 to 4 hours until the beef easily pulls apart with a fork.
Slow Cooker: Transfer everything to a slow cooker and cook on LOW for 8–10 hours or HIGH for 4–5 hours.
Instant Pot: Pressure cook the meat alone with liquid for 60 minutes, natural release for 15 minutes, then add vegetables and pressure cook for an additional 10 minutes.
Stove Top: Cover with a tight-fitting lid and simmer on the lowest stove setting for 2.5 to 3 hours.
Rest and Serve: Discard the fresh herb sprigs. Let the meat rest for 10 minutes before slicing against the grain. Serve hot alongside the tender cooked vegetables and ladle the rich pan juices generously over the dish.